What role do audiences play free essay sample

What role do audiences play in creating popular culture? Explain how Hollywood both manipulated and reflected the popular culture of the 1950s and 60s. The role of the audience is to infuse the fire in the popular culture movement. It appears that Hollywood was caught between the wall and the blade in the 1950’s, on one side you had the dominant culture flexing their muscle to have Hollywood endorse this family ideal and help the containment effort and for no reason ignite any friction that would agitate the already impatient young adolescents. The late fifties teenagers would be a huge section of the consumer market. Hollywood manage to strike a rather windfall by agreeing to post announcement warning of the misconduct of the characters and at the end of the showing they would have a message for a figure of authority like the police or politician warning about the dangers of inconformity and change. We will write a custom essay sample on What role do audiences play or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hollywood in a very financially wise move, bank their choice on the boomers and they did not failed them. The movies of the fifties ignited the fuel of change what was to come in the next decades. There were many movies that gained acclaim because of the topic and the questions it raised on the idea of what conformed to the life of a family unit. Hollywood managed to bring to the screens what was happening in our daily lives and we needed to own it and learn how to deal with the incredible changes that were coming in the next fifty years. Elizabeth Taylor was the subject of a book written by M. G. Lord , the authors objective was to prove how Ms Taylor helped push the feminist movement with her performances the films that she chose to make. The book goes to site her entire history in a chronological order and show how the statement is true. It is also said that this events were not direct actions from the star just the message was coming from Hollywood. An article in the New York Times claims that all those feminist messages were lost to the audience that was just too consumed with the actress beauty to get the message. None the less Liz Taylor’s film kept pushing the envelope of socially acceptable topics and in movie Suddenly, Last Summer, the major taboo was ripped wide open on homosexuality and possibly delinquent/criminal behavior because most likely the male escorts were minor poor young boys. This movie portraits how far will the established social norm will go to keep containment , the clear message that a men was better off dead than be homosexual was not lost in this very turbulent movie. During this research I learned that many of Ms. Taylor films of the 50’s 60’s were clearly trying to send out a message of how the popular mass was eager to hear and in the 60’s people were ready to act in order to bring about change. The new baby boomers were ready to set the world on light speed and change our society at ultra accelerated speed.

The History of the Kitchen Blender

The History of the Kitchen Blender In 1922, Stephen Poplawski invented the blender. For those of you who have never been in a kitchen or a bar, a blender is a small electric appliance that has a tall container and blades that chop, grind, and puree food and beverages. Patented in 1922 Stephen Poplawski was the first to put a spinning blade at the bottom of a container. His beverage mixer blender was developed for the Arnold Electric Company and received Patent Number US 1480914. It is recognizable as what is called a blender in the United States and a liquidizer in Britain. It has a beverage container with a rotating agitator that is placed onto a stand containing the motor that drives the blades. This allows drinks to be mixed on the stand, then the container removed to pour out the contents and clean the vessel. The appliance was designed to make soda fountain drinks. Meanwhile, L.H. Hamilton, Chester Beach and Fred Osius formed the Hamilton Beach Manufacturing Company in 1910. It became well known for its kitchen appliances and manufactured the Poplawski design. Fred Osius later began working on ways to improve the Poplawski blender. The Waring Blender Fred Waring, a one-time Penn State architectural and engineering student, was always fascinated by gadgets. He first achieved fame fronting the big band, Fred Waring, and the Pennsylvanians, but the blender made Waring a household name. Fred Waring was the financial source and marketing force that thrust the Waring Blender into the marketplace, but it was Fred Osius who invented and patented the famous blending machine in 1933. Fred Osius knew that Fred Waring had a fondness for new inventions, and Osius need money to make improvements to his blender. Talking his way into Fred Warings dressing room following a live radio broadcast in New York’s Vanderbilt Theatre, Osius pitched his idea and received a promise from Waring to back further research. Six months and $25,000 later, the blender still suffered technical difficulties. Undaunted, Waring dumped Fred Osius and had the blender redesigned once again. In 1937, the Waring-owned Miracle Mixer blender was introduced to the public at the National Restaurant Show in Chicago retailing for $29.75. In 1938, Fred Waring renamed his Miracle Mixer Corporation as the Waring Corporation, and the mixers name was changed to the Waring Blendor, the spelling of which was eventually changed to Blender. Fred Waring went on a one-man marketing campaign that began with hotels and restaurants he visited while touring with his band and later spread to upscale stores such as Bloomingdale’s and B. Altman’s. Waring once touted the Blender to a St. Louis reporter saying, †¦this mixer is going to revolutionize American drinks. And it did. The Waring Blender became an important tool in hospitals for the implementation of specific diets, as well as a vital scientific research device. Dr. Jonas Salk used it while developing the vaccine for polio. In 1954, the millionth Waring Blender was sold, and it is still as popular today. Waring Produces are now a part of Conair.

Mbuti Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mbuti Culture - Research Paper Example An average Mbuti adult is often four feet six inches tall. The word Pygmies is not preferred by the tribesman as it usually refers to people with a disability. They are known to be nomadic who move from one area to the other for benefits of hunting. The Mbuti people are also known as Bambuti as the word pygmy carries with it different meanings. Pygmies has generally been used in the medical terminology to refer to dwarves who are suffering from physiological problems. In comparison to pygmies these people are normal human beings who are eager to fight with people who insult them in anyway. If they find anyone denying their existence they consider it as an insult and fight for it. Thus it is better for non Mbuti people to claim that they have met with the person before. This essay would further revolve around the people who belong to Mbuti culture and would prove as to how their mode of subsistence is affecting different aspects of their culture (Adinoyi-Ojo 1996; Kent 1996). It is famous in Africa that the Ituri forest is owned by the Mbuti’s. The tribe is further divided into two classes on the basis of language. The true Mbuti are known to speak Bantu language whereas the Efe are known to speak Sudanese. Both of these subgroups are known to rely on hunting and gathering food in the forest. They gather food and then trade it in the city for commercial meat purposes. These people in return get farm produce which they use for their own purposes. Agricultural labor is also sought by these people as they mostly rely on agriculture as their source of food. The Mbuti exchange their gathering with the villagers for the things that they want. Thus it can be said that the Mbuti have developed an interdependent relationship with the villagers. The Efe similarly maintain the relationship with the villagers but it is not necessary that they use the means of hunting and gathering. Mbuti

Strategy Implementation of Coca-Cola Research Paper

Strategy Implementation of Coca-Cola - Research Paper Example The present study would focus on the Coca-Cola Company. It has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia and well developed systems, procedures and tools that align it to the structure in place to enable it cope with ever increasing competitive world. It creative and innovative culture has enabled it to keep in pace with stiff competition from their main competitor Pepsi. The company has developed a strand of valuable resources in its people and the resources that it contains that enable the multinational to serve its customers with quality and attractive products. The firm has employed a number of strategies so as to realize it objectives and visions, such as fair returns on shareholder value increase value to the community. During the 2010 annual report, it is noted that the company adopted a number of strategies. As noted in their press release, the company has continued to increase the volume of business through innovation and diversification of its products into potential markets esp ecially North America by building several brands such as Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero, vitamin water, Powerade, Minute Maid, Simply and Georgia Coffee. Business analysts provide that the company has continued to deal with volatile economic challenges in their pursuit of global business. The firm has also continued to invest in order to build solid brands of coke fuelled by marketing and promotional innovations. For instance, the ‘open happiness campaign and FIFA world cup promotional programs drove growth and increased reputation of the coke brands. Furthermore, the firm has continued to pursue sustainable developments in the environments and education funding through corporate social responsibility imitative. Structure of the organisation The firm has a well organized organic structure that consist of shorter and learner span of control that ensure timely decisions are met effectively. It has a simple matrix structure that consists of divisions led and driven by p rojects (Mintzberg, 1979; Glueck,1980; Gilbraith and Nathason,1978). The firm has a both decentralised and centralised. The corporate leaders of the company have delegated authority to a number of line and tactical managers in all their divisions around the world so that faster and timely decisions can be arrived. This translates into better quality of service delivery to their customers. Mintzberg (1979) argues that it is pertinent for a firm to centralise some certain policies, as centralising certain essential matters that deal with strategy and strategic options of the overall firm ensures that control is limited and controlled appropriately. These include product and market development. It has also centralised forms of policies and values that every stakeholder should adhere to in discharging their duties and responsibilities. Chandler (1962), Mintzberg (1979) and Glueck (1980) note that some essential matters that arise out of agency necessitate the corporate leaders to retain some authority and control to avoid misappropriation of powers for their own interest and at the expense of the firm.. This ensures uniformity in their systems, procedures and techniques so that productions techniques and tools are similar to maintain a brand name and reputation of the company. For instance, last year it was in a process of improving the quality of brands by pursuing a healthier diet campaign in the United States of America. It also instituted a number of promotional tools that boosted its sales volume and drove its global competiveness higher than 5 %(

Project Communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Communication - Term Paper Example The first thing we can do is pair people into groups of four, two of each. This lets each person feel they have someone who understands them while having to work with two who are coming from a different place. Second, when were doing user group instruction or teaching, we should again have paired elements. The introverted person can handle some of the electronic communication, while the extroverted person can do some of the speaking portion, but both should be involved at each step. When an introverted developer gets a chance to answer a question about how his programming works, his area of expertise, hell come out of his shell quickly more often than not. Finally, we should use a message board and a wiki. This not only lets us keep up in real time with our user group, but it also lets the introverted people have a chance to discuss in a forum that lets them apply their thinking

Breast Cancer Gene Mutations Biology Essay

Breast Cancer Gene Mutations Biology Essay Breast Cancer affects nearly 1 in 4 women in the United States each year. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Breast cancer is a form of cancer that originates in the tissues of the breast. Using the latest technology researchers have determined that there is a specific line of genes linked to breast cancer, breast cancer (BRCA) 1 and BRCA 2 genes. The ability to test a patient for these breast cancer genes will help lead to better diagnosis and treatment for those with the gene. Often breast cancer will start from a single abnormal cell that grows into a benign tumor (Mader123). The tumor originates in the milk duct, where an extra lining of cells is formed that fills the ducts, this is known as ductal carcinoma. Another form, lobular carcinoma is when the cancer begins in the lobules, which are the glands that make the milk. Breast cancer is most common in females; however, males can still have breast cancer. In women it is recommended to be screened for breast cancer via self examination or mammograms, depending on age. Women who are over the age of forty are recommended to have a mammogram done every one to two years. Age is another risk because as a person gets older their risk increases. Race and ethnicity is another risk factor; white women are more at risk for breast cancer than African American women. Only about 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases are thought to be hereditary, resulting directly from gene defects inherited from a parent (cancer.org). Breast cancer can be classified by either BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene, which defines the mutation of the breast cancer gene. This form of breast cancer is considered genetic, which is when one dominate gene is passed onto subsequent generations and can result in the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene. There are genes that can help with DNA repair, but in this case it is not a damaged gene it is mutated and cannot be repaired. Females who are heterozygous for the BRCA 1 mutation have a higher risk of getting breast cancer. The gene loci for BRCA 1 gene can be found on the 27th chromosome, it is known as a tumor suppressor gene that provides the blueprint for protein that breaks cellular growth**. Families who have history of breast and ovarian cancer have a strong occurrence of the BRCA1 gene and as a result there is a high risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Individuals that do have a family history of breast and ovarian cancers tend to acquire these cancers at a young age or acquire the more aggressive forms. The gene loci for the BRCA 2 gene is found on the 13th chromosome; although breast cancer is rare in men, this gene tends to affect males at a higher rate. The gene for BRCA 2 is not expressed as often as BRCA 1, and families who carry this gene tend to be at a lower risk for developing cancer. Men who carry the BRCA 2 mutations are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer by age 70. Breast cancer is more commonly found in families with high male and female breast cancer occurrences. Breast cancer can also be related to ethnic background and specifically families who are of Jewish decent tend to be more likely to develop breast cancer due to a high mutation rate. Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in different ethnic groups in the  U.S. BRCA1 Asian American 0.5% African American African American 1.3-1.4% Caucasian Caucasian (non-Ashkenazi Jewish) 2.2-2.9% Hispanic 3.5% Ashkenazi Jewish 8.3-10.2% Adapted from National Cancer Institute materials  [5]. Figure : Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in different ethnic groups in the U.S. (komen.org) This table shows the percentages of the different ethnic groups and their chance of developing the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Men or women who are considered to be at high risk for breast cancer have the option to be tested. A person is considered to be at high risk if there are two or more family members that have had breast or ovarian cancer. The test for the breast cancer gene is a blood test that checks the DNA to see if there is a mutation in the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene. A positive result of this test means that the patient has inherited the mutated gene. It is not definitive that the patient will get breast cancer as it requires unidentified environmental factors in order for the cancer to develop. However, a positive result means that the patient can pass the mutated gene to their children. If a person receives a negative result of having the breast cancer gene, it does not necessarily mean that they are not at risk for breast cancer, it means that they do not have the gene. In fact, 90 to 95 percent of breast cancer is not a result of BRCA 1 or BRCA 2, and 5 to 10 percent of women have the heredity fa ctor of breast cancer (Schnipper221). Also, The child of a parent who has a positive gene has a 50 percent risk of inheriting the mutation (Schnipper223). Testing for a genetic inheritance of the gene can be very helpful for families to know if they are carrying the mutated gene, and it can also be upsetting to the families who are affected. If a test comes back positive for the gene it will put other members of the family at risk for carrying the gene. Breast cancer heredity is very rare and it does not occur in every family. Age and ethnic background play a huge role in determining if you have a higher risk of carrying the gene. If a Jewish woman younger than 40 has breast cancer, there is about a 33% chance that they will be a carrier of the gene. While those who are not Jewish and have breast cancer before 30 have a 12% chance of having a mutation (Love108). This illustrates that the genetic test is not a good determinant of risk for cancer. Positive results from the breast cancer test have a few options to lower their risk of getting breast cancer. Patients can choose to be monitored closer by their doctors for breast cancer signs by having frequent breast exams, mammograms, MRIs, ultrasounds, blood tests, and also by self examination. A more aggressive step could be having prophylactic surgery, such as a double mastectomy. The surgery is a quite radical surgery and is not a common choice. Research has indicated that those who carry either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation can lower their risk of getting the cancer by keeping up with a physical, healthy lifestyle and by breastfeeding. Although that may not work on everyone, it has shown to help with some patients who carry the mutation. There is not much that can be done to prevent the chances of getting breast cancer besides radical surgery. There are other factors such as carrying the mutated breast cancer gene that can elevate the risk of getting breast cancer, a second primary cancer, which is a second breast tumor that is not related to the first tumor, can also show an increased risk of occurring with patients who carry the mutation. For BRCA1/2 carriers, the chance of a contralateral breast cancer 10 years after diagnosis of the first cancer is about 18 to 30 percent compared to about 10 percent for breast cancer survivors without a BRCA1/2 mutation (komen.org). Surgery, radiation therapy, tamoxifen, and chemotherapy are the most commonly used treatments for breast cancer. The treatment that is used depends on the type and severity of the cancer. A patient will go over the options that work best for them with their doctor to help get the best treatment. Two other surgeries that are performed depending on the patients cancer are Lumpectomy, and Mastectomy. Lumpectomy is a surgery that removes only the cancerous lump from the breast. Mastectomy is removal of the entire breasts to remove the cancer and the tissue that surrounds it. Men and women who have breast cancer as a result of a genetic mutation will go through the same treatments. A patient who has a genetic mutation of breast cancer does not have their own treatment plan. Although they can take precautions to help prevent their chance of developing breast cancer, there is no different treatment if they do have breast cancer. Only five to ten percent of breast cancer patients in the United States are linked to a high risk genetic mutation (komen.org). Men and women who inherited the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene, do not make up the population of those who suffer from breast cancer. Having a genetic mutation is not the only way for a patient to receive breast cancer, there are many other aspects. There are chances that getting breast cancer may be genetically linked, but there is still research being conducted to investigate the occurrence of breast cancer.

Who Holds Power in the United Kingdom Today Essay -- Papers

Who Holds Power in the United Kingdom Today To approach this question it is essential to consider both the definitions of power and the various different domains within which they work. As power is central to the understanding of politics, it evokes fierce controversy over its meaning. Academics have argued that politics strives to resolve conflict by producing consensus over the issues in question. In contrast, the practice of politics may also be seen solely as a means of execising power, be it through particular coercive forces or a legitimate authoratitive body. Political activity is omnipresent, existing on both micro level (as seen in the relationship between teacher and student) and on a macro level, meaning the state. Consequently, this brings us to make a necessary distinction between 'power' and 'influence'. The former can be seen as an ability to make significant political decisions which facilitates the control over others. e.g.the power of government over society. In contrast, the latter implies the potential to transform any component part of these decisions via some form of external pressure. For instance, this may include anything from rational debating within Parliament, to open intimidation such as armed police forces. Liberal democratic politics dictate the political agenda of the British political system. The 'liberal' element advocates the support for a multitude of different networks within the state as well as a number of different groups working seprate from the state. For example, N.G.Os, a Bill of Rights, an autonomous judiciary and finally, a complex system of 'checks and balances' within the in... ...mocratic, by implication we must live under the rule of a state elite. And if it is the case that such an elite must strive in every way possible to promote big business in order to uphold social cohesion, then surely it is impossible to deny that capitalist interests are the basis of all governmental decisions. It would only be logical to conclude that the concept of who holds power in the U.K today is merely a guise with government being a necessary shadow passed over society by the interests of big business. The reason this stlye of government has endured for so long is perhaps mans neccessity to believe that he has some control over his own destiny or as Thomas Paine so eloquently put it in the "Rights of Man" (1789), "Society is in every state a blessing, but, government in its best state is but a necessary evil".